ASTM B171 C46400 Stationary Tubesheet Used In Heat Exchanger
ASTM B171 is a standard specification for seamless copper and copper alloy tubing. It includes various grades of copper and copper alloys suitable for a variety of applications, including heat exchangers.
C46400 is a specific alloy grade mentioned in this context. This alloy is also known as "Copper Alloy 46400" or "C46400 Copper Nickel Zinc". It is an alloy that combines copper with nickel (about 28-30% by weight), zinc (about 15-16% by weight), and small amounts of other elements like iron, manganese, and aluminum.
When used in heat exchangers, the properties of C46400 make it particularly suitable for applications where high temperatures and pressures are involved, as well as where corrosion resistance is critical. Its high strength, excellent thermal conductivity, and resistance to corrosion in many environments make it ideal for use in stationary tubesheets within heat exchangers. These tubesheets typically provide a mounting surface for the tubes in the heat exchanger and can be exposed to high temperatures and corrosive fluids.
In heat exchanger applications, C46400 is often utilized for its ability to maintain integrity under harsh conditions. Its combination of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance allows it to handle the stresses of continuous operation in industries such as chemical processing, oil refining, and power generation, where reliable performance and durability are paramount.
However, it's important to note that while C46400 is robust, proper maintenance, inspection, and replacement schedules should be implemented to ensure optimal performance and safety over the life of the heat exchanger system.
Equivalent specification
| CDA |
ASTM |
SAE |
AMS |
Federal |
Military |
Other |
| C46400 |
B21
B21M |
J461
J463 |
|
QQ-B-639 |
|
|
Chemical composition
| Cu% |
Pb% |
Sn% |
Zn% |
Fe% |
59.00-
62.00 |
0.20 |
0.50-
1.00 |
Rem. |
0.10 |
Tube sheets are key components of various heat exchangers and shell-and-tube vessels. Its main purpose is to provide support and sealing to the tube bundle. Within cylindrical or rectangular tubes, there are different types of tubesheets, each type designed for a specific application. Here are some common segment types and their detailed descriptions:
1.Fixed tube sheet: Description: The fixed tube sheet is fixed in the shell of the heat exchanger and welded or welded into the hole of the fixed tube sheet. They will not move relative to the tube sheet and the expansion between the tubes and the shell is very small.
2. Floating tube sheet
3. U-shaped tube bundle
4. Floating head tube plate
5.Fixed tubesheet (with expansion joint description)
The characteristics of fixed tube plate heat exchanger are:
1. The bypass seepage is small;
2. Forgings are used less and cost is low;
3. No internal leakage;
4. The heat transfer area is 20% to 30% larger than that of the floating head heat exchanger.
The disadvantages of fixed tube plate heat exchangers are:
1. The temperature difference between the shell and the pipe wall is large. When t ≥ 50°C, an expansion joint must be installed on the shell;
2. Temperature difference force is easily generated, and temperature difference stress is easily generated between the tube plate and the tube head, causing damage;
3. The shell side cannot be cleaned mechanically;
4. After the pipes are corroded, they will be scrapped together with the casing, and the equipment life will be short.
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